Deficiencia de micronutrientes en niños: etiologías y soluciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69639/arandu.v11i2.315Palabras clave:
desnutrición, vitamina a, hierro, zincResumen
Afecta a los niños, con múltiples factores contribuyentes y posibles soluciones, como mejora en la dieta, educación, iniciativas políticas y vigilancia de la salud. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las principales etiologías de la deficiencia de micronutrientes en niños, las soluciones más efectivas e implementadas a nivel global para combatir este problema y analizar la prevalencia de esta deficiencia. La metodología aplicada fue sistemática, descriptiva mediante la revisión sistemática, donde se eligieron 47 artículos para la realización del estudio. Los principales resultados demostraron que; Los principales factores etiológicos identificados, son: acceso limitado a alimentos nutritivos y suplementos. Las soluciones identificadas fueron: Programas de suplementación de vitaminas y minerales (especialmente hierro, vitamina A, zinc y folato), Fortificación de alimentos. el déficit de Zinc muestra la prevalencia mas elevada, especialmente en Africa Subsahariana con 83% y en algunos países de Europa en 31,3%. Se concluyo finalmente que los principales factores etiológicos de la deficiencia de micronutrientes en niños incluyeron el acceso limitado a alimentos nutritivos y suplementos; la principal estrategia la implementación de programas de suplementación con vitaminas y minerales, este programa ha demostrados ser efectivo en diversos contextos; la prevalencia de la deficiencia de micronutrientes como zinc, Vitamina A, hierro y yodo constituyen una problemática para la salud pública mundial.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Camila Michele Torres Mendoza, Oliver Johan Morante Intriago, Caleb I. Chilán Santana
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