Factores asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69639/arandu.v12i4.1703Palabras clave:
bajo peso al nacer, factores sociodemográficos, embarazo, EcuadorResumen
El bajo peso al nacer (BPN) se define como el bebé nacido con un peso inferior a 2500 gramos. Es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en todo el mundo. En el Ecuador, hay evidencias limitadas sobre los factores que contribuyen al BPN. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar los factores asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal analítico utilizando la base de datos de acceso abierto de la segunda ronda de la Encuesta Nacional de Desnutrición Infantil (ENDI); se incluyeron los datos de un total de 13737 niños menores de 5 años. Las diferencias en las características sociodemográficas, las características relacionadas con el embarazo y las características de la asesoría durante el embarazo con el BPN se verificaron utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística para verificar los factores relacionados con el BPN. La prevalencia general BPN fue del 8,29%. Los recién nacidos del sexo femenino, de la región sierra, descendientes de madres sin pobreza, con controles prenatales, que consumieron micronutrientes y que no recibieron consejería durante el embarazo fueron los factores que se asociaron significativamente con el BPN en el presente estudio.
Descargas
Citas
1. World Health Organization. Global Nutrition Targets 2025. Low Birth Weight Policy Brief [Internet]. Switzerland; 2014 [cited 2025 Sep 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-14.5
2. Hassan S, Jahanfar S, Inungu J, Craig JM. Low birth weight as a predictor of adverse health outcomes during adulthood in twins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 1;10(1):1.
3. Acharya D, Singh JK, Kadel R, Yoo SJ, Park JH, Lee K. Maternal factors and utilization of the antenatal care services during pregnancy associated with low birth weight in rural Nepal: Analyses of the antenatal care and birth weight records of the matri-suman trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 3;15(11).
4. Shaheen R, Roy M, Anny A, Yeasmin Shova N, Hema T. Prevalence of Low Birth Weight in Urban Dhaka and its Association with Maternal Age and Socioeconomic Status. Al Habib Medical Journal [Internet]. 2020;2(4):162–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.6084/
5. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. Estadísticas Vitales. Registro Estadístico de Nacidos Vivos y Defunciones Fetales 2023 [Internet]. 2024 Jun [cited 2025 Sep 13]. Available from: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Poblacion_y_Demografia/Nacimientos_Defunciones/2023/Nacidos_Vivos_y_Defunciones_Fetales_2023.pdf
6. Zhang M, Gazimbi MM, Chen Z, Zhang B, Chen Y, Yu Y, et al. Association between birth weight and neurodevelopment at age 1-6 months: Results from the Wuhan Healthy Baby Cohort. BMJ Open. 2020 Jan 2;10(1):1–8.
7. Oluwafemi RO, Adesina FP, Hassan AO. Outcomes and Disease Spectrum of LBW Neonates in a Secondary Health Facility. J Healthc Eng. 2022;2022:1.
8. Upadhyay RP, Taneja S, Ranjitkar S, Mazumder S, Bhandari N, Dua T, et al. Factors determining cognitive, motor and language scores in low birth weight infants from North India. PLoS One. 2021 May 1;16(5):1–13.
9. Fite MB, Tura AK, Yadeta TA, Oljira L, Roba KT. Prevalence, predictors of low birth weight and its association with maternal iron status using serum ferritin concentration in rural Eastern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study. BMC Nutr. 2022 Dec 1;8(1):2–10.
10. Marvin-Dowle K, Soltani H. A comparison of neonatal outcomes between adolescent and adult mothers in developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2020 Apr 1;6(2020):1–13.
11. Sabbaghchi M, Jalali R, Mohammadi M. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of Low Birth Weight Infants in Iran. J Pregnancy. 2020;2020:1–7.
12. Blencowe H, Krasevec J, de Onis M, Black RE, An X, Stevens GA, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Jul 1;7(7):e849–60.
13. Apte A, Patil R, Lele P, Choudhari B, Bhattacharjee T, Bavdekar A, et al. Demographic surveillance over 12 years helps elicit determinants of low birth weights in India. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 1;14(7).
14. Huang G, Aroner SA, Bay CP, Gilman SE, Ghassabian A, Loucks EB, et al. Sex-dependent associations of maternal androgen levels with offspring BMI and weight trajectory from birth to early childhood. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021 Apr 1;44(4):851–63.
15. Jakubiec-Wisniewska K, Huras H, Kolak M. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Fetal Growth Rate in Pregnancy Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction. Children. 2022 Apr 1;9(4):1–14.
16. Christians JK, Ahmadzadeh-Seddeighi S, Bilal A, Bogdanovic A, Ho R, Leung E V., et al. Sex differences in the effects of prematurity and/or low birthweight on neurodevelopmental outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses. Biol Sex Differ. 2023 Dec 1;14(1):1–19.
17. Alam MJ, Islam MM, Maniruzzaman M, Ahmed NAMF, Tawabunnahar M, Rahman MJ, et al. Socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of low birth weight and its associated determinants in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2022 Oct 1;17(10 October).
18. Mishra PS, Sinha D, Kumar P, Srivastava S, Bawankule R. Newborn low birth weight: do socio-economic inequality still persist in India? BMC Pediatr. 2021 Dec 1;21(1).
19. Martinson ML, Reichman NE. Socioeconomic inequalities in low birth weight in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Am J Public Health. 2016 Apr 1;106(4):748–54.
20. Puthussery S, Puthussery S, Tseng P, Li L. Abstract citation ID: ckad160.934 Risk of low birthweight and late antenatal care initiation in an ethnically diverse maternal cohort. Eur J Public Health [Internet]. 2023;33(2). Available from: https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/33/Supplement_2/ckad160.934/7328278
21. Nagamine M, Matsumura K, Tsuchida A, Inadera H. Relationship between prenatal checkup status and low birth weight: a nationwide birth cohort–the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Ann Epidemiol. 2023 Jul 1;83:8–14.
22. Dowswell T, Carroli G, Duley L, Gates S, Gülmezoglu AM, Khan-Neelofur D, et al. Alternative versus standard packages of antenatal care for low-risk pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 Jul 16;2015(7).
23. Krans EE, Davis MM. Preventing Low Birthweight: 25 years, prenatal risk, and the failure to reinvent prenatal care. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(5):398–403.
24. Ruan X, Chen K, Li Z, Wei J, Chen Y, Zou Q, et al. The impact of maternal health and lifestyle on low birth weight: a prospective cohort study. Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Dec 1;51(1):1–15.
25. Feyisa BR, Mulatu Y, Fentahun F, Biru B, Atlantis E. Nutrition, stress, and healthcare use during pregnancy are associated with low birth weight: evidence from a case–control study in West Ethiopia. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1–9.
26. Muhumed II, Kebira JY, Mabalhin MO. Preterm Birth and Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Fafen Zone Public Hospitals, Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. Res Rep Neonatol. 2021 Feb;11(1):23–33.
27. Siyoum M, Melese T. Factors associated with low birth weight among babies born at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia. Ital J Pediatr. 2019 Apr 11;45(1):1–7.
28. Mingude AB, Gebretsadik W, Misker D, Woldeamanuel GG. Determinants of low birth weight among live birth newborns delivered at public hospitals in Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study. SAGE Open Med. 2020;8:1–8.
29. Demilew YM, Alene GD, Belachew T. Effects of guided counseling during pregnancy on birth weight of newborns in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2020 Oct 6;20(1):1–12.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Darío Fernando Martínez Cabadiana, Geomara Dayana Bravo Lapo, Grace Doménica Goyes Colcha, Karen Ivanova Cruz Valdiviezo , Shuyanna Yamileth Martínez Cabadiana
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Esta publicación está bajo una 
